Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ṬRD_1 ‘to drive away, chase away’ ↗ṭarada
▪ ṬRD_2 ‘to procede, continue, progress’ ↗ṭarada X: ĭstaṭrada
▪ ṬRD_3 ‘swarm (of bees)’ ↗ṭard, ↗ṭarada
▪ ṬRD_4 ‘parcel, package’ ↗ṭard, ↗ṭarada

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘[ṬRD_1] ‘fugitive, outcast, chased game; to banish, expel, drive away’

conc

DRS distinguishes 2 values (probably on account of Akk ṭarādu ‘to name, call’). In Ar, however, all values can easily be seen as derivations from one basic meaning, namely ‘to drive away, chase away’.

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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRD-1 Akk ṭarādu ‘envoyer, chasser, expédier’, Ug ṭrd ‘chasser’, Hbr ṭārad, BiblSyr ṭᵉrad, Mand ṭrd, Ar ṭarada, Saf ṭrd, Sab ṭrd, Mhr tərūd, Jib ṭerod, Soq ṭeyred ‘envoyer, expédier, chasser, mener le bétail, poursuivre’, Ar ṭard ‘paquet, colis postal’. – Akk ṭarīd- ‘déplacé, expulsé’, ḎatAr ṭarad ‘courir après quelqu’un pour le rejoindre’, ṭārad ‘attaquer’, muṭrad ‘poursuite’; Sab mṭrd ‘chasse rituelle’, Soq miṭrid ‘fugitif’. -2 Akk ṭarādu ‘nommer, appeler’. Hbr ṭōrēd ‘qui pleut continuellement’, Ar ĭṭṭarada ‘être continu, couler sans arrêt’; YemAr ṭarūd ‘long passage bordé de pierres, etc.’.

disc

▪ According to Ehret1989, ṬRD is an extension in durative *-d from a 2-consonantal pre-protoSem base *ṬR- with the basic meaning ‘to send’. Other extensions from the same base: ^†ṭarra ‘to urge on violently, drive together in one place, (Hava1899:) to collect and drive (cattle)’ (cf. ↗ṬRː(ṬRR) ); ↗ṭaraʔa ‘to fall upon unexpectedly, happen, occur’: ^†ṭaraba ‘to wander (from the road)’ (cf. ↗ṬRB); ↗ṭaraḥa ‘to remove, turn from, avert, throw far away, (Hava1899:) ‘to fling, cast away s.th.’; ↗ṭarada ‘to push away, drive away, repel, expel, pursue, chase, drive together, (Hava1899:) to persecute, drive back etc.; to collect (scattered flocks)’; ^†ṭarafa ‘to turn off, repel’ (cf. ↗ṬRF).
▪ …

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