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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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*FR‑ فرـ
meta
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√*FR-
gram
2-cons. "root nucleus"
engl
to cut (a piece from) (Ehret1989#37), to divide, spatial separation, distance (Versteegh 1997).
conc
From a pre-protSem root nucleus *PR- ‘to cut, divide, separate’.
hist
–
cogn
▪ …
▪ …
disc
▪ …
▪ …
west
–
deriv
According to Ehret1989#37, 3-rad. extensions of pre-protSem *PR- ‘to cut (a piece from)’ in Ar are:

► (reduplicated simple form > intensive) : †far-fara ‘to break, cut, tear to pieces’
► + ‘durative’ *‑t- + ‘durative’ *‑f : †fartaka ‘to cut very small’
► + ‘diffusive’ *‑ṯ : †faraṯa ‘to cut up the liver, split’
► + ‘finitive fortative’ *‑g : ↗faraǧa (farǧ) ‘to put asunder, separate, split’
► + ‘durative’ *‑d : ↗farada (furūd) ‘to be single, isolated, be unique’
► + ‘intensive (manner)’ *‑z : ↗faraza (farz) ‘to separate, set apart, secrete, select’
► + ‘fortative’ *‑s : ↗farasa (fars) ‘to break the neck, tear the prey into pieces’
► + ‘venitive’ *‑ɬ : ↗faraša (farš) ‘to spread on the floor, spread out’
► + ‘venitive’ *‑ɬ + ‘iterative’ *‑ḥ : ↗faršaḥa, var. faršaḫa ‘to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart’1
► + ‘focative’ *‑ṣ : †faraṣa (farṣ) ‘to cut, split, tear’, cf. ↗furṣaẗ
► + ‘focative’ *‑ṣ + ‘fortative’ *‑m : †farṣama ‘to break off, cut off’
► + ‘middle’ *‑ḍ : †faraḍa (farḍ) ‘to make incisions, notches’, cf. ↗furḍaẗ
► + ‘durative intensive’ *‑ṭ : ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to beat off, stripp off (fruits)’
► + ‘sunderative’ *‑ʕ : ↗faraʕa (farʕ) ‘to prune a tree’
► + ‘intensive (effect)’ *‑q : ↗faraqa (farq) ‘to split, separate’
► + ‘durative’ *‑k + ‘iterative’ *‑ḥ : †farkaḥa ‘to have the buttocks wide apart, separate the legs immoderately in walking’
► + ‘fortative’ *‑m : ↗farama (farm) ‘to cut small, hash’
► + ‘inchoative (> tr.)’ *‑y : ↗farà (fary) ‘to cut, cleave, sever’

► To the same semantic complex seems to belong also ↗faṭara (faṭr) ‘to split, cleave, break apart’, (fuṭūr) ‘to break the fast’

Probably also the idea of ‘fleeing, escaping’ (i.e., creating a separating distance) is related, cf.:

► (simple form) : ↗farra (firār) ‘to flee, run away’
► + ‘durative intensive’ *‑ṭ : ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to escape inadvertedly, slip, get lost’
1. Not mentioned by Ehret, but compare farkaḥa, below.
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