Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ KBR_1 ‘(to be) large, big, numerous, old (of age, person); (fig.) important, powerful, eminent, mighty; notable, chief, head’ ↗kabīr
▪ KBR_2 ‘capers’ ↗kabar
▪ KBR_3 ‘bridge’ ↗kūbrī
▪ KBR_4 ‘cabaret’ ↗kabārēh
▪ KBR_5 ‘crab’ ↗kabūriyā (eg.)
▪ KBR_6 ‘asafoetida, devil’s dung (pharm.)’: ʔabū kabīr, cf. perh. ↗kibrīt

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to grow big, to increase, to augment, to gain significance, to grow tall; majority, magnitude; to become old, to become infirm; honour, pride, to show pride; to become serious; to be awed; worst part of s.th., great sin, great crime; dignitaries, leaders, chiefs; praise, exaltation, glorification, deference, regard’

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▪ Out of the 5 values listed for the Sem root KBR in DRS, only 1 is represented in Ar (#1 = KBR_1): ‘(to be) large, big, numerous, old (of age, person)’, hence the fig. use as ‘important, powerful, eminent, mighty; notable, chief, head’.
▪ Values KBR_2 to KBR_5 are clearly borrowings (from Grk, Tu, and Fr, respectively).
▪ The value KBR_6, appearing only in the name ʔabū kabīr for asafoetida, has perhaps to be put together with ↗kibrīt ‘sulfur’ due to the herb’s fetid smell.

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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#KBR-1 Akk kabāru ‘être gros, large, vigoureux, épais, gras’, Ebl kabar - ‘massif’, Hbr hikbīr ‘multiplier’, oAram kbr ‘multiplier’, ya. kbr ‘abonder’, hkbr ‘rendre nombreux’, Syr kᵉbar ‘être nombreux’, Mand kbar ‘être grand, puissant, dominer’, Ar kabura ‘être gros, grand’, Gz kabra ‘être honoré, glorieux’, Amh käbbärä ‘être honoré’, Arg akäbbärä ‘honorer, célébrer’, Gur käbbärä ‘devenir riche’, Tña käbärä ‘honorer’. – Sab kbr ‘rendre abondantes (les récoltes), rendre fertiles (les champs)’, kbr ‘richesse, abondance’, Mhr məkbīr ‘tas, pile’; Sab Qat kbr ‘magistrat’; Sab kbr ‘contrôler, superviser’, Qat ‘diriger, administrer’, Soq kber ‘regarder, aller voir, examiner; mettre’; Mhr əktēbūr, Jib əkətēr ‘se conduire de manière arrogante’.¹ – Akk kabr - ‘gros, gras’; Hbr kabbīr ‘fort, puissant’, Ar kabīr-, Sab kbr ‘grand’, Jib kēr ‘cheikh, vieil homme’, Soq keber ‘vieillard’. – Aram kabbīrā ‘nombreux, grand’; Gz kəbūr ‘honoré, noble’, Amh kəbər, käbbärte, Arg kəbər ‘riche’. – Ar kābara ‘ravir, emporter par la force’. -? 2 Hbr kᵉbār, JP kᵉbar ‘déjà, depuis longtemps’, Syr kᵉbar, ʔakbar ‘déjà, depuis longtemps, peut-être, presque’, Mand kbar ‘déjà, auparavant’. -3 Akk kibarr - ‘sorte de bateau’, Hbr kābīr ‘entrelacs’, makᵉbbēr ‘natte’, mikᵉbbār ‘treillis’, ? kebārāh ‘tamis’, Mhr katber, Jib kōr ‘se blottir, se recroqueviller (de honte, de peur)’, kotber ‘s’enrouler autour’, Jib ekber, Śḥr kber ‘retourner de la ville à la montagne’. -4 Ar kabar, SudAr kəbūr, Gz kabaro, Te Tña Amh Gaf kabäro ‘tambour’. -5 Mhr kbūr ‘aller voir des gens pour boire du lait chez eux’, kber ‘aller voir, regarder, examiner’.

1. Cf. also Ḥrs metkabber ‘arrogant, prétentieux’ < Ar mutakabbir.

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▪ KBR_1: Nişanyan (Sözlük 14.05.2015, #kebir) holds that Ar kab˅ra is related to Sem GBR¹ ‘to be(come) strong, prevail, work’ (cf. Akk gabru ~ gapru ‘strong’, Aram gəbar ‘be strong, overpower’, Ar ↗ǧabr) – an idea that is not found elsewhere. – Outside Sem: According to DRS (#KBR-1), Cohen1969#179 »propose un rapprochement avec l’Eg čmʔ ‘être puissant’ […]. Le Cush connaît des formes apparentées: Af Sa kabaro, Bed kabūr, Ag kiriwi (voir Leslau EDG III /334)«.
▪ The non-Ar forms of KBR_1 have been connected to l’Eg čmʔ ‘to be powerful’ and some forms in Cush langs.
▪ KBR_2: < Grk káppari ‘capres’.
▪ KBR_3: < Tu köprü ‘bridge’.
▪ KBR_4: < Fr cabaret ‘cabaret’.
▪ KBR_5: perh. < Grk kaboúras ‘crawfish, crab, lobster’.
▪ KBR_6: perh. akin to Ar kabrīt (*stinking like sulphur).

1. Identified by Huehnergard2011 as a WSem variant, assimilated from Sem GPR.

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