Bibliotheca Polyglotta

^†KRZ_4 ‘to lean towards (Hava1899), to stoop, bend down, crouch (WKAS, DRS)’: karaza, i (kurūz).
^†KRZ_5 ‘verser, répandre (de l’eau); égorger un mouton’: EAr karaz – DRS.
^†KRZ_6 ‘shepherd’s bag, knapsack; (? hence also: worthless fellow, lazybone)’: kurz (pl. kirazaẗ). – Deriv: karraza ‘to sew the eyes of a falcon (DRS), to put the falcon during the moulting-season into the kurz (WKAS)’ (whence also: kurriza ‘to moult, cast o.’s feathers’ – WKAS, Freytag iv 1837), MġrAr karraz ‘to close, sew a full bag’ (DRS); karrāz, pl. karārīzᵘ, n., ‘ram carrying the ḫurǧ / kurz of the pastor, ram carrying the shepherd’s bag, or the bell’.
^†KRZ_7 ‘vile, worthless fellow, lazybone, miser; noble; intelligent, sharp-sighted, skilled, masterly, ingenious; falcon, hawk’: kurraz. Also kurrazī and mukarraz.
^†KRZ_8 ‘jug, narrow necked gugglet; flask, vial’: kurāz (pl. kirzān), karrāz, kurrāz.
^†KRZ_9 ‘sour cheese (Hava1899), curds, cottage cheese (WKAS)’: karīz. Hence: kariza, a (karaz), vb. I, ‘to eat much of the soft sour cheese called karīz or ʔaqiṭ ’.
^†KRZ_10 ‘carnival’: karīzaẗ.
KRZ_11 ‘outbreak, crisis’: EgAr kirīzaẗ (BadawiHinds1986)
^†KRZ_12 ‘woolen turban’: MġrAr kurziyyaẗ (WKAS).

conc

▪ KRZ_1 karaza ‘to hide, seek refuge’: In ClassAr realized as vb. III, ^†kāraza ‘to hurry towards, flee towards’, derived from vb. I, karaza in the sense, now obsolete, of ‘to stoop, bend down, crouch’ (KRZ_4). There is no obvious reason to treat this value (as does DRS) as etymologically distinct from KRZ_4. (Or should there be any link to Pers gurez, goriz ‘flying; flight’, from goriḫtan ‘to fly, flee, run away, escape’?)
▪ KRZ_2 kāriz ‘preacher’: (? via Aram kārôz ‘herald’) from Grk kêryx ‘herald, messenger’.
▪ KRZ_3 karaz ‘cherries’: according to Rolland2015 probably from the same Sem source as Grk kerásion and Akk girīṣu. For more details see main entry ↗karaz.
▪ KRZ_4 karaza ^†‘to lean towards (DRS, Hava1899), to stoop, bend down, crouch (WKAS)’: This is probably the primary value, now obsolete, of KRZ_1.
▪ KRZ_5 EAr karaz ‘verser, répandre (de l’eau); égorger un mouton’ (DRS): mentioned only in DRS; of unknown etymology.
▪ KRZ_6 ^†kurz ‘shepherd’s bag, knapsack’: (via Aram kurzā ?) from Pers ḫurǧ ‘id.’ (cf. Lane vii 1885 on kurz : ‘double bag/sack called ḫurǧ ’; Fraenkel1886).¹ – ClassAr ^†karraza, vb. II, ‘to sew the eyes of a falcon (DRS), to put the falcon during the moulting-season into the kurz (WKAS)’ seems to be denom. from kurz. – The vb. II pass. ^†kurriza ‘to moult’ thus is, literally, *‘to be put into a kurz (during the moulting-period)’, while MġrAr karraz ‘to close, sew a full bag’ (DRS) evidently is a generalization of the former. – Derived from kurz is also ^†karrāz in the meaning of ‘ram carrying the ḫurǧ / kurz of the pastor, ram carrying the shepherd’s bag, or the bell (Hava1899)’.² – According to Freytag iv 1837, ^†kurz is also ‘worthless fellow, lazybone’, i.e., the same as ^†kurraz (see next item); should this be correct, we would be dealing with fig. use here.
▪ KRZ_7 : In WKAS, the basic meaning of ^†kurraz is given as ‘one or two year old (hunting-) falcon in moult’. These semantics suggest a relation to the pass. vb. II kurriza ‘to moult’ (which is from ^†kurz = KRZ_6). But Ullmann follows Ǧawālīqī in assuming an origin in a Pers kurrah, without giving the meaning of the latter. According to Steingass1892, however, kurrah is not a ‘falcon’, but ‘colt of a horse, camel, or ass (one or two years old)’. Thus, if Ǧawālīqī is right, the tertium comparationis that made the shift of meaning ‘colt > falcon’ possible would be the age of the animal/bird. – Another theory assumes the value ‘falcon’ to be secondary, transferred to the bird from what originally is ‘cunning, wicked, sly, artful’. This value is listed in DRS as the primary one (without mentioning ‘falcon’ at all), and in Freytag1837 and WKAS as another value that comes in addition to ‘falcon’ (and the latter’s ‘sharp-sightedness’). This theory, too, assumes a Pers origin, either in a word written krw (not identfiable in my sources) or karaš (as the editor of Ǧawālīqī’s Muʕarrab, F. ʕAbd al-Raḥīm, has it – ʕAbdalraḥīm1990: 537). This does not seem unlikely, both from a phonological and a semantic point of view, since Pers karš, karaš, var. kuras, kurus, is (? originally ‘scurf, dirt of the body’, hence also) ‘deceit, meanness, baseness’ (Steingass1892). – Be that as it may, other values given in several sources in addition to those already mentioned, like ‘noble; intelligent’ (DRS), ‘skilled (fī ṣināʕati-hī, in one’s work)’ (Hava1899), ‘impeditus in sermone, non distincte loquens’ (Freytag iv 1837), are specific uses of either ‘falcon’ or ‘cunning, wicked, sly, artful’. – To the same semantic complex belong also kurraziyy and mukarraz, adj., ‘vile, contemptible (Hava1899), worthless fellow, miser (Wahrmund1887).
▪ KRZ_8 : DRS, though grouping the two items together as one etymological unit, makes a distinction between ^†kurāz ‘flask’ and ^†karrāz ‘jug, narrow-necked gugglet’. ^†kurāz is also in WKAS (with the variants ^†kurrāz and vulg. ^†kurāzaẗ) ‘water-flask’ and classified as a borrowing from Aram karrāzā (as in PayneSmith1903, but meaning ‘earthen water-jar with narrow orifice’). Rolland2014 says kurāz ‘flask’ either is from a Pers kurāz ‘id.’ (which, however, is not to be found in Steingass1892 – SG), or it is the other way round. – ^†karrāz ‘jug, etc.’ is missing from WKAS, but listed by Freytag iv 1837 and said to stem, again, from a Pers kurāz. As mentioned, the latter is not in Steingass1892, we only find Pers karrāz, meaning (among other things) both ‘jug’ and ‘flask’ and said to be of Ar origin!
▪ KRZ_9 ^†karīz ‘sour cheese (Hava1899), curds, cottage cheese (WKAS)’: of unknown etymology; just a simple var. of ^†karīṣ ‘fromage aigrelet et tendre mêlé d’herbes ṭarāṣīṣ et ḥ˅mṣīṣ ’ (Kazimirski),³ and/or related to ^†qariṣa ‘to become sour (milk)’, or ↗qarīš ‘sour cheese, kind of cottage cheese’? – The vb. I ^†kariza, a (karaz), ‘to eat much of the soft sour cheese called (Wahrmund1887: karīz or) ʔaqiṭ (Freytag iv 1837)’ is clearly denominative.
▪ KRZ_10 ^†karīzaẗ ‘carnival’, ^†karraza ‘to hold carnival’: only in Wahrmund1887; etymology unclear, but may be related to karaza ‘to preach’ (KRZ_2).⁴
▪ KRZ_11 EgAr kirīzaẗ ‘outbreak, crisis’: from Fr crise.
▪ KRZ_12 MġrAr ^†kurziyyaẗ ‘woolen turban’: mentioned only in WKAS.

1. There is also Ar ↗ḫurǧ ‘saddlebag, portemanteau’, which is directly from the Pers etymon. 2. Steingass1892, s.v. Pers karrāz (which the author says is from Ar): ‘the ram on which the shepherd lays his wallet’. 3. As suggested by J.C. Rolland, personal communication, 27Jul2015. Thank you, JCR! 4. Thus assumed by J.C. Rolland, personal communication, 27Jul2015.

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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#KRZ–1 Ar karaza ‘s’incliner, se pencher, s’accroupir’. –2 EAr karaz ‘verser, répandre (de l’eau); égorger un mouton’. –3 Aram kurzā, kurstā, Ar kurz : sorte de sac, de besace, karraza ‘coudre les yeux d’un faucon’, MġrAr karraz ‘fermer, coudre un sac plein’, Te kärräza ‘coudre dans un sachet de cuir’. –4 Ar kāraza ‘fuir qn et se cacher’. –5 Ar kurraz ‘vil; noble; intelligent, sagace’. –6 Ar kurāz ‘flacon’, karrāz ‘cruche à goulot étroit’. –7 karaz ‘cerises’.

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▪ KRZ_8 : Ar karrāz ‘jug, narrow-necked gugglet’ (to keep water fresh/cold), with preceding def.art. al-, gave Span Portug alcarraza ‘earthen jug, vessel used to cool water’ (as also albarrada is from Ar al‑ ↗barrād), which in turn gave Prov alcarazas, Fr alcarazas – Lokotsch1927#1101.¹

1. Cf. also http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/alcarazas on the Fr alcarazas : first attestation in Fr 1798 (Annales de chimie, 25:167: “Sur les Cruches rafraîchissantes, ou Alcarazas d’Espagne”), from Span alcarraza ‘vase de terre dans lequel les liquides rafraîchissent par évaporation’, attested from C16 (as carraço already in 1330), from Ar al-karrāz ‘jarre à goulot étroit’.

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