Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ KLM_1 ‘wound, cut, slash’ ↗kalm
▪ KLM_2 ‘to speak, talk; word, speech, saying; disputation; (Isl.) theology’ ↗kalimaẗ, ↗kalām
▪ KLM_3 ‘kilim, carpet, rug’ ↗kalīm

Not from KLM but sometimes looked up under the lemma are:

KLM_4 kulla-mā ‘whenever’ ↗kull
KLM_5 k-l-m ‘km’ (abbreviation of ‘kilometer’) ↗kīlūmitr

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to cut, wound; 2 speech, utterance, word, to speak, conversation’

conc

▪ Out of the 3 values that the root KLM, according to DRS, can take in Sem, only two are represented in Ar: ‘to wound’ and ‘speech, to speak’.
▪ KLM_2 ‘to speak, speech’ seems to be an exclusively SSem, if not only Ar phenomenon, while KLM_1 ‘(to) wound’ has a deeper Sem dimension. Are the two related etymologically? See DISC below.
▪ A third value, KLM_3 ‘kilim, carpet, rug’, is of Tu origin.

hist

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cogn

▪ Out of the 3 values that the root KLM, according to DRS, can take in Sem, only two are represented in Ar: ‘to wound’ and speech, to speak’.
▪ KLM_2 ‘to speak, speech’ seems to be an exclusively SSem, if not only Ar phenomenon, while the KLM_1 ‘(to) wound’ has a deeper Sem dimension. Are the two related etymologically? See DISC below.
▪ A third value (KLM_3 ‘kilim, carpet, rug’) is of Tu origin.

disc

▪ While KLM_3 clearly is of foreign origin, KLM_1 and KLM_2 have cognates in Sem. The question is: Are the two related etymologically? – The value ‘speech, to speak’ (KLM_2) seems to be an exclusively SSem development, while the value ‘to wound, humiliate’ (KLM_1) is found in Ar as well as in Can (Hbr, Aram). There is also an ESem value: Akk kullumu means ‘to show, point out, indicate, produce evidence; to expose, reveal, exhibit’. DRS groups the Akk item together with Ar Can ‘to humiliate, wound’, but it is not clear why it should not belong to the SSem group. In fact, it may be the link between both and the primary meaning: One could imagine a development from an original *‘to show, indicate’ to the meanings (1) ‘to humiliate’ (by showing s.th. disgraceful, making humiliating statements or proposals) > (by extension) ‘to wound’, and (2) ‘speech, to speak’, i.e., a generalisation of the more specific ‘to put forward, show, indicate, produce evidence’. One could also think of a line ‘to show, point out, expose, reveal, exhibit’ > ‘to speak (i.e., to show, reveal verbally)’ > ‘to humiliate (by words, improper speech)’ > ‘to wound (in general)’. Another semantic chain could be: ‘to show, point out, expose, reveal, exhibit’ > ‘to humiliate, wound (by pointing to s.th.)’ > ‘to make a humiliating utterance’ > ‘to utter, express’ > ‘to speak’. Which of these, if any, is the right one is impossible to decide.

west

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deriv

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