Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ HǦR_1 ‘to emigrate, relinquish, leave’ ↗haǧara
▪ HǦR_2 ‘hottest time of the day’ ↗hāǧiraẗ
▪ HǦR_3 ‘obscene language; to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat’ ↗huǧr

Other meanings, now obsolete (acc. to Hava1899):

HǦR_4 ‘custom, habit’: ^†hiǧǧīr, ^†hiǧǧīrà, ^†hiǧǧīraẗ ; meaning also ‘speech, language’.
HǦR_5 ‘excellent, distinguished’: ^†hāǧir, ^†hāǧirī, ^†muhǧir, the latter meaning also ‘lofty (palm-tree)’, ^†ʔahǧarᵘ ‘better, nobler; longer, thicker’.
HǦR_6 ‘bow-string; rope for tying a camel’s foot, tether’: ^†hiǧār .

▪ HǦR_7 ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’ ↗huǧraẗ (var. hiǧraẗ).

HǦR_8 ‘to empty, clean a ditch’: MġrAr hǧar (DRS).
HǦR_9 ‘sufficiency’: ^†haǧrāʔᵘ, cf. expr. mā ʕinda-hū ġanāʔu ḏālika wa-lā haǧrāʔu-hū ‘he is not adequate to the work’.
HǦR_10 ‘large watering-trough; large cup’: ^†haǧīr, pl. huǧur .
HǦR_11 ‘durra of minor quality’: SudAr haǧǧarat (DRS).

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to give up, part company with, abandon; to emigrate, migrate; 2 summer midday heat; 3 bad or obscene language; to slander, insult; 4 custom, habit’

conc

▪ From among the 12 values attached to the root in Sem (as given in DRS), only 9 are represented in Ar. Hava1899 mentions two others (in ClassAr use and in dialects). Of all these, only 3 are still to be found in MSA.
▪ The etymological situation within the root is rather complex and obscure. Whereas some of the values seem to be semantically close, others are difficult to relate to any of the others.

hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 5 (1995)#HGR-1 Ar haǧara ‘rompre avec, s’éloigner de, abandonner; bouder qn, cesser de lui parler’, hiǧraẗ ‘rupture, séparation; départ, émigration’, Marāz mahǧar ‘endroit isolé, lieu dont il n’y a aucun avantage à tirer’, HispAr hažar ‘détester’, Mhr hōgər, Jib hogór ‘émigrer’. – Outside Sem: ? [Berb] Warg aggur ‘marcher’, Naf agər, agur ‘s’en aller’, Tmzġ gurr ‘aller, partir, marcher’? -2 Ar haǧr, haǧīraẗ ‘milieu du jour, le plus fort de la chaleur’, HispAr hāžira ‘heure de la sieste’, Mhr hēgər ‘faire chaud à midi’, Jib hógər ‘midi’. -3 Ar hāǧiraẗ ‘langage indécent’, haǧara ‘délirer, radoter’, DaṯAr haǧar ‘parler haut’. -4 Ar haǧara ‘être pur, sans mélange’, huǧr ‘excellent, noble et distingué (homme)’, haǧǧīr ‘coutume, manière’. -5 Syr hᵉgar, ʔahgar ‘devenir musulman’, mahgᵉrā, mahgᵉrāyā ‘musulman’. -6 Ar hiǧār ‘corde de l’arc, corde avec laquelle on rattache le pied du chameau à la sangle, chaîne portée au cou’, DaṯAr haǧǧar ‘lier les pieds de devant d’un chameau’, SudAr haǧar ‘entraver et forcer à s’asseoir (chameau)’, mahǧar ‘vol (en particulier de vaches ou de chameaux)’, Marāz hᵃžaṛ ‘mettre l’entrave (à un chameau, cheval, âne en rut)’, MġrAr hǧar ‘faire violemment, avec excès’. -7 YemAr haǧar : ruines d’une ville antique, hiǧreh ‘enclave protégée’, SAr hgr ‘ville’, Gz hagar ‘ville, village, province, pays’, hagarit ‘ville, citadins’, Te Tña hagär, ‘région habitée, cité, village’, Amh Choa, Gur agär ‘terre, pays’; ? MġrAr mahǧar ‘chemin, rue très fréquentée, animée’. – Outside Sem: Cohen1969:77 proposant de voir dans HǦR avec cette valeur, une variante méridionale de ʔKL, rapproche d’Eg ʔkr ‘dieu de la terre’, [Berb] Tmšq, Sūs akāl ‘terre, terrain, pays’, [Cush] Af erkē, SaAf rikē, Or irge ‘endroit, place’; sans doute Som hag, hal ‘id.’. -8 MġrAr hǧar ‘vider, nettoyer une fosse’. -9 Te hagrä ‘creuser un trou’, hagärä ‘manquer, attendre’. -10 Gz həgʷre, higore, hegore ‘vermillon, couleur rouge’, Te haggärä ‘teindre en rouge’. -11 SudAr haǧǧarat ‘sorte de durra de qualité inférieure’. -12 Mhr həgūr ‘acheter de la nourriture pour sa famille’.

disc

▪ HǦR_1 (= DRS HǦR#1): regarded by Huehnergard2011 as an exclusively Arabic root. The notion of ‘departing, leaving behind’ may be at the basis of HǦR_7 YemAr haǧar ‘ruins of an old city/village’ (perhaps: *deserted place). But one could also imagine the reverse to be the case. Kerr, e.g., holds (Kerr2014:79,n.119) that, outside Ar, the root HǦR is attested only in SSem in the meaning of ‘city-dweller’ (HǦR_7; cf. also Ar huǧraẗ, hiǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’) and in Hbr and Aram as the name of Abraham’s concubine, Hagar (not accounted for in DRS). HǦR_1 could thus be dependent on HǦR_7. Some dictionaries indeed interpret the notion of ‘departing’ as that of a ‘removal from the desert to the towns or villages’, in this way linking ‘departure’ up to ‘town, village’. – What is deserted and neglected, also becomes ugly and disgusting; so HǦR_1 may also be the source of HǦR_3 ‘to talk nonsense, obscene language’.
▪ HǦR_2 (= DRS HǦR#2) ‘hottest time of the day’ ↗hāǧiraẗ : ‘because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses, as though they forsook one another (tahāǧarū)’ (Lane, quoting Qāmūs)
▪ HǦR_3 (= DRS HǦR#3) ‘obscene language; to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat’: ↗huǧr . Just a metathetical variant of ↗ǦHR?
▪ HǦR_4 (= DRS HǦR#4) ‘custom, habit’: ^†hiǧǧīr, ^†hiǧǧīrà, ^†hiǧǧīraẗ; meaning also ‘speech, language’: Seen as one with HǦR_5 by DRS.
▪ HǦR_5 (= DRS HǦR#4) ‘excellent, distinguished’: ^†hāǧir, ^†hāǧirī, ^†muhǧir, the latter meaning also ‘lofty (palm-tree)’, ^†ʔahǧarᵘ ‘better, nobler; longer, thicker’. Seen as one with HǦR_4 by DRS.
▪ HǦR_6 (= DRS HǦR#6) ‘bow-string; rope for tying a camel’s foot, tether’: ^†hiǧār.
▪ HǦR_7 (= DRS HǦR#7) huǧraẗ, hiǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’. ‘ruins of an old city’. – Cf. YemAr haǧar ? The latter or a relative of it may be at the origin of HǦR_1 ‘to depart’ in the sense of *‘to leave desert life and settle in an area of agriculture’. – DRS : Mot voyageur? Cf. also Sum agar ‘territoire irrigué’, Latin ager ‘champ’. – In contrast, Dolgopolsky2012#2571 does not connect the Sum and Lat (< IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’) words with Ar HǦR but with Ar ↗ḥākūraẗ ‘piece of land retained and enclosed by its proprietor for sowing and planting trees, (WehrCowan1979:) small vegetable garden’ (< Syr ḥkwrʔ /*ḥakūrā ?/ ‘field’ < CSem *ḤKR ‘field in cultivation’).
▪ HǦR_8 (= DRS HǦR#8) ‘to empty, clean a ditch’: MġrAr hǧar (DRS).
▪ HǦR_9 (DRS : Ø) ‘sufficiency’: ^†haǧrāʔᵘ, cf. the expr. mā ʕinda-hū ġanāʔu ḏālika wa-lā haǧrāʔu-hū ‘he is not adequate to the work’.
▪ HǦR_10 (DRS : Ø) ‘large watering-trough; large cup’: ^†haǧīr, pl. huǧur.
▪ HǦR_11 (DRS : Ø) ‘durra of minor quality’: SudAr haǧǧarat (DRS).

west

▪ ↗hiǧraẗ ‘Hegira’

deriv

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