Bibliotheca Polyglotta

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘the atmosphere between the earth and the sky, air, emptiness, void; to fall down, to swoop down, to cause to fall, to speed up; inclination, desire, love, altruistic motives; foolish person; temptation, to tempt, to seduce, to enchant; (bottomless) abyss; narrow opening between mountains’

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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl 1 Yahweh, from Hbr yahweh, assumed ancient pronunciation of the name of the God of Israel, perh. meaning ‘he sends down (the hosts of heaven)’, caus. stem of hāwâ, hāyâ ‘to fall, happen, be’. – 2 Jehovah, modern mispronunciation (since C16) of Yahweh, in which the Hbr consonants Y-H-W-H were pronounced with the vowels of the Hbr word ʔă>dōnāy, which were added to the Hbr consonantal text of the Bible to indicate that the latter word was to be read instead of the divine name. – 3 Various short forms of Hbr yahweh, found mostly in personal names: (a) Jah, from Hbr yāh, short for yahweh, also appearing in the following personal names: Jedidiah, from Hbr yᵊdîdyāh ‘beloved of Yahweh’ (cf. Ar ↗wadda); Matthew, from Hbr mattayyāh (< *mattan-yāh) ‘gift of Yahweh’ (cf. Ar ↗ʔaʕṭà); Nehemiah, from Hbr nᵊḥemyāh ‘Yahweh comforted’; Obadiah, from Hbr ʕōbadyāh ‘servant of Yahweh’ (cf. Ar ↗ʕabd); Tobit, from Hbr ṭôbīyāh ‘my good (is) Yahweh’ (cf. Ar ↗ṭayyib); Uriah, from Hbr ʔûrîyāh ‘my light (is) Yahweh’ (Hbr ʔûr-î ‘my light’); Zechariah, from Hbr zᵊkaryāh ‘Yahweh has remembered’ (cf. Ar ↗ḏakara); Zephaniah, from Hbr ṣᵊpanyāh ‘Yahweh has hidden, Yahweh has treasured’; (b) with the longer yāh(û): Hezekiah, from Hbr ḥizqîyāh(û) ‘my strength (is) Yahweh’; Isaiah, from Hbr yᵊšaʕyāhû ‘salvation of Yahweh’; Jeremiah, jeremiad, from Hbr yirmᵊyāhû ‘Yahweh has established’; Elijah, from Hbr ʔēlîyāhû ‘my God (is) Yahweh’ (see ʔl); (c) from Hbr yô, short form of yahweh ‘Yahweh’: Joab, from Hbr yôʔāb ‘Yahweh (is) father’ (cf. Ar ↗ʔab / ʕabū); Joel, from Hbr yôʔēl ‘Yahweh (is) God’ (cf. Ar ↗ʔilāh, ↗aḷḷāh); John, from Hbr yôḥānān ‘Yahweh has been gracious’ (cf. Ar ↗ḥanān); Jonathan, from Hbr yônātān ‘Yahweh has given’ (cf. Ar ↗ʔaʕṭà); (d) from the short form yᵊhô: Jehoshaphat, from Hbr yᵊhôšāpāṭ ‘Yahweh has judged’ (Hbr šāpāṭ ‘he has judged’; cf. perh. Ar ↗SFṬ); Jesus, from Hbr yēšûaʕ, shortening of yᵊhôšûaʕ ‘Joshua’ (see above); Joshua, from yᵊhôšûaʕ, perh. ‘Yahweh (is) lord’ (Hbr *šûaʕ ‘lord’, < protSem √*ṮWʕ) or ‘Yahweh is salvation’ (Hbr *šûaʕ ‘salvation’, from protSem √*WṮʕ).↗

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